HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
Syllabus: Road
Engineering, investigation for road project, geometric design of highways.
INTRODUCTION
Historical
Development of Road Construction
1) Roman Roads
2) Tresaguet Construction
3) Metcalf Construction
4) Telford Construction
5) Macadam Construction
Jayakar Committee and its Recommendations:-
Indian Road development committee
was appointed by the government with M.R Jayakar as Chariman, in 1927.
The Jayakar Committee submitted
its report by the year 1928. The most important recommendations made by the
committee are:
·
The
road development in the country should be considered as a national interest
·
An
extra tax should be levied on petrol from the road users to develop a road
development fund called Central Road Fund.
·
A
semi-official technical body should be formed
·
A
research organization should be instituted to carry out research and
development work.2222
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1) The central
Road Fund formed was formed in the year 1929. 2) The
semi-official technical body called the Indian Roads Congress was formed in
1934. 3) The Central
Road Research Institute CRRI was started in 1950.
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Motor Vehicle Act:
In 1939 the Motor Vehicles Act
was brought into effect by Government of India to regulate the road traffic in
the form of traffic laws, ordinances and regulations.
Different
20 year Road Plans
·
In
the first 20 year road development plan, popularly known as the Nagpur Road
Plan, all roads were classified into five categories and a twenty year
development programme for the period 1943-63 was finalized.
·
This
road development plan is also known as Bombay Road Plan.
·
The
Third Twenty Year Road Development Plan for the period 1981-2001 was prepared
by a committee of experts and was approved by the Council of the Indian Roads
held at Lucknow
·
Fourth
Twenty Year Road Development Plan was held at Kolkata (2001-2021)
FUNCTIONS OF IMPORTANT ORGANIZATION PROMOTING
ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA.
Indian Road Congress (I.R.C.) :
As per the recommendation made by
the Jayakar Committee, a semi-government technical body was formed in 1934 to
provide a platform for regular sharing of ideas and experience on all matters
related to planning, construction and maintenance of roads in India. This body
was named as India Road Congress (I.R.C.).
Functions of I.R.C. :
IRC
has following important functions:
·
To
collect information and literature on roads and make it available for use in
the country.
·
To
recommend standard specifications for road materials, design and construction
techniques.
·
To
publish journals, research publications, standard specifications and other
guidelines on various aspects of
highway Engineering.
·
To
provide a platform for the expression of professional opinion on all matters
related to Highway Engineering.
·
The
Highway Research Board of IRC was set up in 1973 to give proper direction
guidance to road research activities in India. The main objectives of IRC
Highway Research Board are:
o
To
determine the nature and extent of research.
o
To
channelize consultative services on road research.
Central Road Research Institute (C.R.R.I.) :
In
1950, Central Road Research Institute (C.R.R.I.) was set up at Okhla near Delhi
situated on Delhi-Mathura road to carry out research on various aspects of road
engineering. This institute inaugurated by Late Prime Minister, Jawahar Lal
Nehru is financed and controlled by Ministry of Surface Transport (MOST) and is
one of the national laboratories of the Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (C.S.I.R.).
Functions of C.R.R.I. : Following are the important
functions of C.R.R.I.:
·
To
carry out research on various aspects of Highway Engineering.
·
To
provide technical advice to State Government and Industries on various problems
concerning roads such as traffic
problems.
·
To
co-ordinate the activities of State Roads Boards located at Kilkata, Chennai,
Lucknow and Patna.
·
To
Publish research work and other technical literature related with roads.